Decoration of the qaʿa (guest room) in the Quwatli House

Decoration of the qaʿa (guest room) in the Quwatli House

Carved giant footprints at the threshold of the entrance of ʿAyn Dara temple

Carved giant footprints at the threshold of the entrance of ʿAyn Dara temple

Previous state, main façade of the fortified tower north of Bab Antakiya, Aleppo, Syria

Fig.41-a_Main front in 1995, with ornamental details, spolia, and a coat of arms

Reconstruction (drawing) of the missing part of the main façade of the fortified tower north of Bab Antakiya, Aleppo, Syria

Fig.41-b_Marking missing stones after partial collapse

Previous state 1995, main façade of the fortified tower north of Bab Antakiya, Aleppo, Syria

Fig.41_View with ornamental details, spolia, and a coat of arms

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

Monastery of St Simeon, Corinthian capitals decorated with wavy acanthus leaves

Monastery of St Simeon, Corinthian capitals decorated with wavy acanthus leaves

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

Camel and its guide on sacrophagus

Camel and its guide on sacrophagus

Sculpture on sacrophagus

Sculpture on sacrophagus

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

Bayt Junblat, section drawing of the northern iwan

Bayt Junblat, section drawing of the northern iwan

Bayt Junblat, southern iwan, section east-west

Bayt Junblat, southern iwan, section east-west

Bayt Junblat, ground plan

Bayt Junblat, ground plan

Bayt Junblat, section drawing of the southern iwan of the inner courtyard (juwwani)

Bayt Junblat, section drawing of the southern iwan of the inner courtyard (juwwani)

Raqqa - "East of Raqqa"- Eastern Palace, stucco

Raqqa – “East of Raqqa”- Eastern Palace, stucco

Raqqa - the excavations of the site "East of Raqqa" - Eastern Palace, stucco decorations

Raqqa – the excavations of the site “East of Raqqa” – Eastern Palace, stucco decorations

Raqqa - the excavations of the site "East of Raqqa" - Eastern Palace - stucco decorations

Raqqa – the excavations of the site “East of Raqqa” – Eastern Palace – stucco decorations

Raqqa - Madinat ar-Rafiqa wall - Columns discovered during excavation

Raqqa – Madinat ar-Rafiqa wall – Columns discovered during excavation

Dome houses in a village in Aleppo countryside

Dome houses in a village in Aleppo countryside

Sirjilla, andron, 5th c.

Sirjilla, andron, 5th c.

Reception hall in al-ʿAzm Palace

Reception hall in al-ʿAzm Palace

Motifs of the decorated wooden panels of  Beit Ghazaleh

Motifs of the decorated wooden panels of Beit Ghazaleh

Khan Qurdbak, iwan, first floor plan

Khan Qurdbak, iwan, first floor plan

Raqqa, "East of Raqqa" site - Western Palace, vegetable stucco ornaments

Raqqa, “East of Raqqa” site – Western Palace, vegetable stucco ornaments

The barrani (frigidarium) section of Hammam Manjak, Busra

The barrani (frigidarium) section of Hammam Manjak, Busra

Khan Qurdbak, iwan, section east-west

Khan Qurdbak, iwan, section east-west

Citadel of Aleppo, general view of the Throne Hall

Citadel of Aleppo, general view of the Throne Hall

Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, general view of central dome

Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, general view of central dome